Vitamins and sports

Vitamins and sports
Modern principles of application of vitamins in sports medicine

Pharmacology of sports medicine direction of clinical and experimental medicine rather new and actively progressing in last years. For today accurate representation about group not doping pharmacological preparations which can be used in sports medicine for the decision of its primary goals is generated.

For today following indications to reception of polyvitaminic complexes at playing sports are formulated:

Preventive maintenance hypoavitaminoses. Clinical and subclinical signs hypoavitaminose have from 20 to 60 % of sportsmen.
Increase of requirement for vitamins. The periods intensive  shifts and puberty in children's and youthful sports demand adequate application of vitamins. The vitamin grant is demanded by significant change of any component of the training program: volume, intensity, frequency of trainings.
Diet changes:
Alimentary insufficiency (meets in children's and youthful sports);
Imbalance of a food. The balanced and various food allowance according to preparation stages still remains only good wish. Besides it is proved, what even an ideal diet  on 20-30 % on vital vitamins.
Decrease in caloric content of a daily diet less than 2000 kcal a day at the directed regulation of weight of a body;
Sharp change of the food status (loss weight, "pure" vegetarianism, posts and so forth)
Consumption of a considerable quantity of fiber (including in the form of food additives and amino acids);
Sharp change climatic and time zones. Application of vitamins allows to level influence desinchronisings, pathological adaptable reactions;
The directed correction anabolic, катаболических and regenerative processes. Vitamins participate in the majority of processes of transformation of energy, therefore depending on an orientation of training programs;
The directed correction of physical and intellectual working capacity;
Condition much treaning;
Restoration after diseases and traumas;
Infringements of a carbohydrate, fatty or albuminous exchange; a Carbohydrate food increases requirement for vitamins B1, B6, C. Surplus in fiber food leads to increase of requirement for vitamins B2, B6, B12, and the fiber lack reduces mastering of vitamins B2, C, A and nicotinic acid
Maintenance normal imunological reactance of an organism.
If for healthy people principles of application of vitamins as a whole have developed, in sports medicine there are many unresolved problems. We will consider some of them.

Problem №1 - a dosage. Till now there are unresolved questions: what vitamins and in what doses to apply at various stages of preparation and to what decision of problems? Absolutely clearly that the requirement for vitamins at playing sports increases, however what doses are expedient - preventive, therapeutic, average age, subtoxic - till now is not defined. It is obvious that requirements of the runner in weight of a body of 55 kg, the decathlon competitor, weight of a body 110 kg and the thrower in weight of 130 kg will be absolutely different, not to mention influence of distinctions in a technique of training and character of a food.

Before to result recommendations about the doses of the basic vitamins most often meeting in the literature, it is necessary to notice that vitamin preparations are applied in sports medicine to carrying out:

Replaceable therapy in the presence of clinical or subclinical signs hypo- and avitaminosises;
Adaptable vitaminotherapy. Problems of pharmacological correction thus the following: increase of adaptation to physical and mental loadings; optimisation of processes of restoration; working capacity increase; the directed correction of psycho-physical qualities and a physical condition; preventive maintenance of diseases and the damages connected with playing sports. Expected result from pharmacological correction: the directed increase of the general and special working capacity; the deducing focused in time for form peak; decrease in level of a traumatism and disease; acceleration or normalisation of speed of course of processes of restoration after exhausting loadings;
Medicinal therapy for an intensification of rehabilitation after traumas and diseases, and also as a part of complex therapy.
Summarising the given literatures it is possible to result following average doses of vitamins (mg) recommended at separate stages of preparation of sportsmen at a various orientation of training process. Certainly, at appointment of vitamins it is necessary to consider constitutionalfeatures of the sportsman, a condition of a metabolism of its basic systems and set of other factors.

Vitamins Healthy Grouping of kinds of sports
Skorostno-power Endurance
The training period the Competitive period the Training period the Competitive period
A 3500 МЕ 4000 МЕ 4500 МЕ 4500 МЕ 5000 МЕ
B1 1,3-2,6 2-4 2-4 3-5 4-8
B2 1,5-3,0 2 3 3-4 4-8
PP 15-20 30 30-40 30-40 40-45
C 75-100 100-140 140-200 140-200 200-400
E 7-10 14-20 24-30 20-30 30-50
B6 1,5-3,0 3,0-4,0 4,0-5,0 4,0-5,0 6,0-9,0
B12 0,002-0,003 0,003 0,004 0,005-0,006 0,006-0,009
B5 7-10 12-15 14-18 15 15-20
 

Experience of wide and often uncontrolled application of vitamins in sports has shown that surplus of vitamins quite often leads to development of by-effects and hyperavitaminoses; high doses of vitamins cause the accelerated deducing of vitamins from an organism; toxic action of the raised doses of separate vitamins breaks a metabolism of other vitamins and causes serious metabolic dysfunctions.

Problem №2 - equation on structure of vitamin complexes and their doses. What it is more preferable? Monovitamino therapy, application of the vitaminno-mineral complexes containing average or high dosages of vitamins and macrocells, or is other ways of the decision? By numerous researches it is proved that vitamins participate in regulation of all principal views of an exchange. Mainly the albuminous exchange is influenced by vitamins A, E, K, B5, B6, B12, on carbohydrate - B1, B2, C, PP, B5, A, on липидный - B6, B12, PP, B5, cholin, lipo acid.

Vitamins co-operate among themselves, weakening or strengthening action, each other. Despite an abundance of offered polyvitamins, the equation requirement is answered with few of them. Essential influence on mastering and destiny of vitamins in a human body render macro- and microcells. A number of experts expresses opinion that the vitamin complexes applied in sports medicine, should not contain mineral substances and microcells, and correction of a mineral exchange should is spent separately with reception of vitamins. Following arguments are thus resulted: minerals as a part of polyvitaminic complexes worsen mastering and an absorption of vitamins; risk of development hypermicroelementoses; impossibility of the differentiated application taking into account specific features of the sportsman and solved problems of pharmacological correction.

Thus, equation of polyvitaminic complexes and possibility of operative dispensing - key the requirement of the today, shown to vitamin complexes. To these requirements answers French polivitamin the preparation of Alvitil allowing successfully to overcome specified problem. Correctly picked up quantitative parity of vitamins, possibility of the differentiated dispensing, the convenient form (chewing tablets and a syrup) allows to apply it in sports drinks. The given characteristics allow to recommend Alvitil to application in sports medicine.